What Happens When There's No Public School Choice?

I marveled at the size of Trenton Central High Schooltheir students already take, such as:
when I toured the facility on a public tour.- SAT scores: Since people continually mock the
It is 380,000 square feet; to put that in perspective,intelligence of college football players, why not use
imagine three anchor stores in a suburban shoppingtheir entrance standards as a baseline to find out
center stacked one atop the other. Trenton Centralhow many students qualified for college admissions?
High is the seventh most populous secondary schoolThe NCAA Clearinghouse guidelines for
in the Garden State. With nearly 2,800 students, itstudent-athletes could be converted into a
has the fourth largest enrollment among urban highperformance matrix of grade point averages and
schools; among New Jersey's high schools, onlytest scores. The Clearinghouse guidelines are not only
Elizabeth High, Dickinson High (Jersey City) andquantifiable; they are also more stringent, as more
Eastside (Paterson) enroll more students.than 750 four year colleges do not even require the
The 75 year-old building has character, as well as aSAT for admissions. High scores and high grades
theatre that might have been envied on Broadwaywould be assigned the highest point value, low scores
half a century ago and a swimming pool that wasand low grades would obviously be rated lower. Such
probably state of the art in its day, but there are thea matrix might give principals and school board
problems that you might expect to find in a structuremembers a sense of the students they are sending
that's lasted so long.on to college.
The problems do not stop there; the building is just- The Armed Force Qualification Test (AFQT) within
the tip of the iceberg for this troubled school.the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery
The Trenton public school system is "in need of(ASVAB) scores for students who choose military
improvement" district-wide under No Child Leftservice: according to Military's website, the AFQT is a
Behind, and has entered the later years where thetest of arithmetic reasoning, math knowledge, word
school board and administrators must considerknowledge and paragraph comprehension. That
options for restructuring elementary, middle schoolsounds much like a standardized test. Since schools
and secondary education. Trenton Central High Schoolare required to supply student information to the
has failed to make Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP)military under No Child Left Behind, the armed
under this federal act for the past five years. Theservices should have no problem sharing the pass/fail
Daylight-Twilight High School, also a Trenton publicrates of the students who take their test.
school, is in similar straits.- Pass rates on licensing examinations, if the school
Under No Child Left Behind, AYP is based on scoresoffers pre-professional or vocational training. This is
from standardized mathematics and English-languageobvious, as the goal of the training programs is to
arts examinations. In New Jersey, the bar, or passhelp students pass.
rate, is raised each year, with a goal towards 100%- Proficiency/advanced proficiency on state-required
proficiency, regardless of race, special education orhigh school examinations such as New Jersey's High
economic circumstances.School Proficiency Assessment or New York State's
When a school fails to meet AYP, No Child LeftRegents Examinations.
Behind implies several possible remedies: restructureI would add two other measures to the list: the
the school, change the management, privatize thereduction in the dropout rate and a redefined
school or convert it into a charter school. Parentsgraduation rate. Beyond age 16, the definition of
must also be offered the option to transfer theirgrade level takes on different meaning depending on
children to another public school within the samethe high school.
district that has made AYP, or to arrange for tutoringWhile well-to-do school districts are likely to have a
for their children at the district's expense.very high three or four-year graduation rate, others
That leads me to one major concern: what happensthat serve economically disadvantaged students will
when students and their parents have no options -have students who must juggle school, work and
because their local public high school is the only one infamily responsibilities. They are less likely to graduate
town, or they have none that consistently met AYP?"on-time," but it is completely wrong to label them
I do not have to look far beyond the Trentonfailures when they are dealing with their own reality.
suburbs to find communities in a similar predicament.The important thing is that high school principals
Three communities that surround Trenton: Ewing,should have access to the graduation rates for each
Hamilton and Lawrence Township face the samefreshman and transfer class that enters their school,
dilemma. I am not naïve enough to believe thisjust as college admissions officers do. They should
problem is unique to New Jersey.also know why students leave and whether they
The problem is not as much with the schools as it isgraduated from another school after they left.
with No Child Left Behind - the act uses proficiencyThese measures, when combined in some index,
as the basis for public policy.would do more than indicate whether a high school is
The measurement of the success or failure of any"good" or "bad;" they would show the direction that
high school cannot solely be based on studenttheir students were headed - and if they did, or did
performance on high stakes standardized tests. Highnot succeed. If the school is the only game in town,
school students are not the same; they havethen educators may use this information for
different ambitions, they do not take the samecurriculum development, or work out agreements
classes, and they have the option of leaving schoolthat offer their students real choices, even if they
after they turn 16.must transfer to another school.
Proficiency can be one performance measure for aI doubt that there would be any argument between
high school, but it cannot be the be-all, end-all, for-all.educators, parents and politicians that the SAT's or
Moreover, No Child Left Behind offers no incentivesprofessional and vocational test batteries are already
for a school to perform better, only threats ofhigh stakes tests for high school students.
embarrassment; the annual list of schools that fail toWe need to know what our high school students
make AYP merely angers residents and parents, andwant to do, whether it is college, employment,
it only validates that perception of a bad school ismilitary service or family responsibilities, and help them
reality.get there. We do not need more standardized tests
A better policy would recognize and reward studentsto give high schools pass-fail grades; their students
who have become more than proficient, andalready take enough of them to get ahead in their
acknowledge a high school's accomplishments on alives.
broader set of measures that use the tests that